This paper concerns non-linear state estimation in a BATCH polymerization REACTOR where suspension polymerization of methyl methacrylate takes place. A kinetic model proposed in bie literature is selected and its validity has been verified through an experimental set-up. Based on this model monomer conversion and average molecular weights of the polymer are estimated using only one output measurement (REACTOR temperature). The performance of the estimator, which has the structure of an extended Kalman filter, is examined through simulation and experimental studies in the presence of different levels of parameter uncertainties. The effects of adding "fictitious noise" and parameter state" to the estimation algorithm are also investigated. To find the best fictitious state, the main parameters of polymerization model are divided into three groups. The parametric study of the MMA polymerization model indicates that, when the source of parameter uncertainty is unknown, the best selection of parameter state is the initial mass of monomer.

Reactive dyes have been identified as problematic compounds in textile industries wastewater as they are water soluble and cannot be easily removed by conventional aerobic biological treatment systems. The treatability of a reactive dye (Brill Blue KN-R) by sequencing BATCH REACTOR and the influence of the dye concentration on system performance were investigated in this study. Brill Blue KN-R is one of the main dyes that are used in textile industries in Iran. Four cylindrical Plexiglas REACTORs were run for 36 days (5 days for acclimatization of sludge and 31 days for normal operation) at different initial dye concentrations. The dye concentrations were adjusted to be 20, 25, 30 and 40 mg/L in the REACTORs R1, R2, R3 and R4, respectively. In all REACTORs, effective volume, influent wastewater flowrate and sludge retention time were 5.5 L, 3.0 L/d and 10 d, respectively. According to the obtained data, average dye removal efficiencies of R1, R2, R3 and R4 were 57%±2, 50.18% ±3, 44.97% ± 3 and 30.98% ± 3, respectively. The average COD removal efficiencies of all REACTORs were 97% ± 1, 97.12% ± 1, 96.93% ± 1 and 97.22% ± 1, respectively. The dye removal efficiency was decreased by increasing the dye concentration with the correlation coefficient of 0.997.

The aim of this study was to investigate MTBE removal efficiency using sequencing BATCH airlift REACTOR (SBAR) and to determine the share of aeration and adsorption processes during the operation. The present study was conducted with a new design of the system (cubic area and embedded baffle). The REACTOR was applied in 4-h cycles, which included 2 min filling, 210 min aeration, 5 min sedimentation, 8 min draw, and 15 min idle time. One week after start-up, the initial brown granules were observed. During the operation, some granules were formed with the size of 2– 6 mm, average settling velocity and density of 0. 66 cm/s and 0. 06 g/mL, respectively. The results showed that COD removal efficiency was over 94 percent.

A bench scale aerobic Sequencing BATCH REACTOR (SBR) was investigated to treat the wastewater from an industrial milk factory. The REACTOR was constructed from plexi glass material and its volume was 22.5 L. The REACTOR was supplied with oxygen by fine bubble air diffuser. The REACTOR was fed with milk factory and synthetic wastewater under different operational conditions. The COD removal efficiency was achieved more than 90%, whereas COD concentration varied from 400 to 2500 mg/l. The optimum dissolved oxygen in the REACTOR was 2 to 3 mg/l and MLVSS was around 3000 mg/l. Easy operation, low cost and minimal sludge bulking condition make the SBR system an interesting option for the biological medium strength industrial wastewater treatment. The study demonstrated the capability of aerobic SBR for COD removal from dairy industrial wastewater.

Discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater to surface or groundwater is very dangerous to the environment. Therefore treatment of any kind of wastewater to produce effluent with good quality is necessary. In this regard choosing an effective treatment system is important. Sequencing BATCH REACTOR is a modification of activated sludge process which has been successfully used to treat municipal and industrial wastewater. The process could be applied for nutrients removal, high biochemical oxygen demand containing industrial wastewater, wastewater containing toxic materials such as cyanide, copper, chromium, lead and nickel, food industries effluents, landfill leachates and tannery wastewater. Of the process advantages are single-tank configuration, small foot print, easily expandable, simple operation and low capital costs. Many researches have been conducted on this treatment technology. The authors had been conducted some investigations on a modification of sequencing BATCH REACTOR. Their studies resulted in very high percentage removal of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total suspended solids respectively. This paper reviews some of the published works in addition to experiences of the authors.

In this article several control schemes for a pilot scale polymerization REACTOR are proposed and one of them is selected as the most suitable design. The performances of proposed schemes have been compared through computer simulations. The controllers are PID and chosen reaction ir polymerization of methyl methacrylate which is highly exothermic.

This paper concerns molecular weight control of a BATCH polymerization REACTOR where suspension polymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA) takes place. For this purpose, a cascade control structure with two control loops has been selected. The slave loop is used for temperature control using on-line temperature measurements, and the master loop controls the average molecular weights based on its estimated values. Two different control algorithms namely proportional-integral(PI) controller and globally linearizing controller (GLC) have been used for temperature control. An estimator, which has the structure of an extended Kalman filter (EKF), is used for estimating monomer conversion and average molecular weights of polymer using REACTOR temperature measurements. The performance of proposed control algorithm is evaluated through simulation and experimental studies. The results indicate that a constant average molecular weight can not be achieved in case of strong gel effect. However, the polydispersity of product will be lower in comparison to isothermal operation. It is also shown that in case of model mismatch, the performance of cascade control is superior compared to the case where only REACTOR temperature is controlled based on desired temperature trajectory obtained through cascade strategy.